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Types
of tutor/ facilitator/ adviser authority
Source: Heron J (1993) Group Facilitation - theories and
models for practice; Kogan Page
As an adviser/tutor/facilitator of learning you have access, according to
Heron, to three types of authority each of which can have two styles:
Tutelary Authority
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means that the facilitator has mastered some body of knowledge and
skill and appropriate procedures for passing it on; can communicate
effectively to learners through the written and spoken word and other
presentations; can care competently for learners can be guardian of their
needs and interests.
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Political authority
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means that facilitators take decisions that affect the whole
programme of learning. It involves the exercise of educational
decision-making with respect to the content, methods and timing of
learning.
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Charismatic authority
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means that facilitators influence learners and the learning process by
virtue of their presence, style, and manner, that is, through their
personal delivery of tutelary and political authority.
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The two styles of authority are as follows:
Genuine Authority
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Oppressive Authority
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benign, luminous and truly educative
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punitive, indoctrinating and intimidating
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This proceeds from those people who are flourishing from
their own inner resources and can thereby enable other people to flower in
the same way.
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This is rigid authoritarianism and proceeds from people
who are denying some of their basic inner resources and can only use a
model of overcontrol in trying to educate others.
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| It manifests as the facilitative ability to
empower. It is the basis of the move towards learner centred and
experiential learning. |
It manifest as the manipulative power to
dominate. It has been the bane of education at all levels. Traditional
teaching, still strongly with us, is beset by authoritarianism. |
| Charismatic authority is central to this and
thus underlies tutelary and political authority |
Those operating in this way tend to try and
dismiss tutelary, political and charismatic authority as being the same
thing. |
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