State treatment of Civil Society - A five stage model

Source: Hadenius A & Uggla F (1996) Making Civil Society Work, Promoting Democratic Development: What can States and Donors do? World Development Vol 24, No 10 pp 1621-1639

 

Description

Threshold Action

 
1 The state does not tolerate independent civil activity De facto right to form autonomous organisations

Hostile State

2 The state accepts autonomous organisation, but does not provide space for it State withdrawal opening up a space for independent activity  
3 A space for independent activity exists, but the practice of governance does not promote autonomous organisation Favourable institutional structures
4 The state provides favourable structures but no active support Active state programmes in support of civil society
5

The state activity promotes autonomous organisation

Benevolent State

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